Section Spiritual Innovators 75 Extraordinary People Who Changed the World in the Past Century The 75 Innovators - A Matrix of Spirituality	Back to Index
The tables below are an attempt to consider the tapestry of these lives. These people are presented in the order they appear in the book. From 26 characteristics considered, 4 themes present themselves for this study. Six voices have been selected from each of the 4 groups. The colours relate to the table below. 1 Global Village a strong sense of Global Community - Inter-Spirituality 2 Still Voices a characteristic of Mystery and Illumination 3 Witness a call to Social and Political action 4 Reform a Legacy of Reform in the Teaching and Leadership of Spirituality Study Focus These 24 of the 75 lead our study.
A Catholic 21% B Protestant 27% C Orthodox 4% D Jewish 15% E Hindu 15% F Buddhist 12% G Muslim 9% H Independant 17% I Other 7% J Mystic 11% K InterSpiritual 32% L Ecumenical 59% M Converted 26% N Secular 12% O Ordained 64% P Seminary 56% Q University 51% R Founder 44% S Teacher 100% T Service 20% U Dissident 39% V Reformer 60% W From East 33% X From West 67% Y Male 86% Z Female 13%

Person A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Born in Brief Description   1. They Shook Things Up     Chogyam Trungpa           1   1     1       1 1 1 1 1       1   1   Tibet Buddhist to West Mary Daly 1                             1 1   1   1 1   1   1 USA Feminist Scholar Mary Baker Eddy   1                     1   1     1 1         1   1 USA Founded Christian Science Robert Funk   1                   1     1 1 1 1 1     1   1 1   USA Scholar - Historical Jesus G I Gurdjieff     1         1             1 1   1 1     1   1 1   Armenia Rogue teacher Aimee Semple McPherson   1                         1     1 1     1   1   1 USA Pentacostal barrier breaker Elijah Muhammad             1           1   1     1 1   1 1   1 1   USA Made black Muslim connection Bhaktivedanta Prabuphada         1     1     1   1   1 1 1 1 1       1   1   India Khrishna consciousness Bertrand Russell                         1 1     1   1   1     1 1   UK Philosopher, Peace movement Zalman Schachter-Shalomi       1                     1 1   1 1   1 1   1 1   Poland Jewish renewal William J. Seymour   1                     1   1 1     1     1   1 1   USA Speaking in Tongues, healing Shirdi Sai Baba         1   1 1     1   1   1       1       1   1   India Muslim Hindu bridge Starhawk       1       1 1     1 1       1   1   1 1   1   1 USA ecospirituality Desmond Tutu   1                   1     1 1 1   1 1 1     1 1   S Africa peacemaker   2. They Bore Witness With Their Lives     Abdul Baha                 1     1     1       1     1 1   1   Persia bahai founders son Daniel Berrigan 1                           1 1 1   1   1     1 1   USA peacemaker Dietrich Bonhoeffer   1                   1     1 1     1 1 1 1   1 1   Germany religionless christianity Mahatma Gandhi         1           1           1   1 1 1   1   1   India peacemaker Gustavo Gutierrez 1                           1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1   1 1   Peru founder liberation theology Martin Luther King, Jr.   1                         1 1     1   1 1   1 1   USA modern moses Oscar Romero 1                           1 1     1 1 1 1   1 1   El Salvador advocate of poor Malcolm X             1     1     1   1       1   1 1   1 1   USA black dissident   3. Their Presence Changed the World     Dalai Lama           1         1       1 1     1   1   1   1   Nepal Exiled Leader Billy Graham   1                   1     1 1   1 1         1 1   USA Evangelist Abraham Joshua Heschel       1               1     1 1     1   1 1   1 1   Poland Jewish thinker activist orthodox Pope John XXIII 1                     1     1 1   1 1     1   1 1   Italy liberal reform Pope John Paul II 1                           1 1   1 1     1   1 1   Poland conservative reform Ram Dass   1     1     1     1   1   1   1 1 1   1     1 1   USA Esoteric teacher Rabindranath Tagore         1           1           1 1 1       1   1   India poet Vivekananda         1           1 1 1       1 1 1       1   1   India Hindu to west   4. They Made Intellect a Spiritual Force     Carl Gustav Jung   1                       1     1 1 1         1 1   Switzerland psychology, mytholgy, gnostic Hans Kung 1                     1     1 1     1   1 1   1 1   Switzerland rc theologian on golden rule Abraham Maslow       1                   1     1 1 1         1 1   USA psychology on living optimally Reinhold Niebuhr   1                   1     1 1     1         1 1   USA pastor-theologian Alexander Schhmemann     1                       1 1     1     1   1 1   Estonia orthodox liturgical renewal Joseph Soloveitchik       1                     1     1 1     1   1 1   Lithuania jewish liturgical renewal Paul Tillich   1                   1     1 1     1   1 1   1 1   Germany professor, theologian Evelyn Underhill 1             1   1   1 1       1   1 1 1     1   1 UK poet Ken Wilber   1           1     1 1   1     1 1 1         1 1   USA integrator of psch & theology   5. They Changed the World by Writing     Thomas Berry 1                     1     1 1 1   1         1 1   USA ecospirituality Martin Buber       1               1     1 1 1   1   1 1   1 1   Ukraine I-thou relationship Joseph Campbell   1                   1   1     1   1         1 1   USA mythogist scholar Mircea Eliade                     1 1         1   1         1 1   Romania historian of religion Abraham Isaac Kook       1                     1 1     1     1   1 1   Latvia historian of religion C S Lewis   1                   1         1   1         1 1   Ukraine lay writer Huston Smith   1                   1     1 1 1   1         1 1   China historian of religion D T Suzuki           1         1 1             1       1   1   Japan Zen to West Simone Weil 1     1           1   1 1 1     1   1 1 1     1   1 France poet secular mystic   6. They Showed Us Love In Action     Dorothy Day 1                       1       1 1 1   1 1   1   1 USA catholic worker movement Catherine de Hueck Doherty 1   1                 1 1         1 1 1   1   1   1 Russia social justice Maha Ghosandanda           1         1 1     1 1 1   1   1   1   1   Cambodia peacemaker Mawlana Muhammad Ilyas             1               1 1     1     1 1   1   India muslim renewal Mother Teresa 1                   1 1     1 1   1 1 1 1 1   1   1 Albania sisters of charity Walter Rauschenbusch   1                   1     1 1     1 1 1 1   1 1   USA social justice Albert Schweitzer   1                   1     1 1 1   1 1   1   1 1   Germany doctor in africa Robert Holbrook Smith   1                   1   1     1 1 1 1   1   1 1   USA founder AA Thich Nhat Hanh           1         1 1     1 1 1 1 1   1   1   1   Vietnam peacemaker   7. They Brought The Traditions Together     Bawa Muhaiyaddeen             1       1             1 1     1 1   1   Sri Lanka Sufi Teacher Black Elk                 1 1   1             1   1 1   1 1   USA Warrior, Shaman, Mystic Deepak Chopra         1     1     1 1   1     1 1 1 1   1 1   1   India Physician, integrated Ayurveda. TM Bede Griffiths 1       1     1     1 1 1   1 1 1 1 1     1   1     England Christian Hindu Monk Hazrat Inayat Khan             1 1       1 1         1 1     1 1   1   India Non sectarian Sufism J Krishnamurti               1 1   1 1             1     1 1   1   India Independent Voice Meher Baba               1 1 1   1             1 1     1   1   India Independent Voice Seyed Hossein Nasr             1         1       1 1   1     1 1   1   Iran muslim philosopher Paramahansa Yogananda         1           1 1     1 1 1 1 1     1 1   1   India Yoga Andrew Weil                       1   1     1 1 1 1   1   1 1   USA Holistic Physician   8. They Spoke From the Power of Silence     Ajjahn Chah           1         1 1     1 1     1     1 1   1   Thialand Opened to West Thomas Keating 1                 1         1 1   1 1     1   1 1   USA Catholic return to contemplation Maharishi Mahesh Yogi         1           1 1     1 1 1 1 1     1 1   1   India TM founder Thomas Merton 1                 1   1 1   1 1 1   1   1 1   1 1   USA Convert to Monastery Pema Chodron           1         1 1 1   1 1 1   1     1 1     1 USA Convert to Buddhist Nun Ramana Maharshi         1         1                 1     1 1   1   India Hindu mystic Seung Sahn   1       1         1 1 1   1 1 1   1   1   1   1   Korea Zen to West Shunryu Suzuki           1         1 1     1 1   1 1       1   1   Japan Zen to West

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September 21, 2002